What type of cells create keratin to provide structure to the epidermis?

Keratinocytes are the primary cells responsible for producing keratin, a structural protein that plays a crucial role in providing strength and resilience to the epidermis, which is the outermost layer of the skin. These cells are located in the basal layer of the epidermis and undergo a process of differentiation as they move upward through the layers of the skin, eventually shedding at the surface. The production of keratin by keratinocytes is essential for the skin's protective barrier function, helping to prevent water loss and shield the body from environmental damage.

In contrast, melanocytes are cells that produce melanin, the pigment responsible for skin color, but do not produce keratin. Fibroblasts are located in the dermis and play a role in producing collagen and elastin, contributing to the skin’s structural integrity but not directly in the formation of keratin in the epidermis. Adipocytes are specialized cells that store fat and are found in the subcutaneous layer, contributing to energy storage and insulation, but also do not have any role in keratin production. Thus, keratinocytes uniquely fulfill the function of keratin synthesis to support the structure of the epidermis.