What role does UVB play in the tanning process?

UVB rays play a crucial role in the tanning process by triggering melanin production in the skin. When the skin is exposed to UVB radiation, it stimulates melanocytes, which are the cells responsible for producing melanin. Melanin is the pigment that gives the skin its color and helps protect it from further UV damage by absorbing and dissipating UV radiation.

This process is part of the skin's natural defense mechanism. In response to UVB exposure, the increased production of melanin results in a darker skin tone, commonly referred to as a tan. This response not only provides cosmetic benefits but also serves as a protective measure against the harmful effects of UV radiation.

The other options relate to different skin reactions or conditions resulting from UV exposure. For instance, cell death is a negative effect of excessive UV exposure, while peeling skin typically occurs as a result of sunburn and not directly from the tanning process. Similarly, reducing melanin levels does not occur because UVB contributes to enhancing melanin production, not diminishing it.