What is the body's natural response to protect itself against sunburn?

The body's natural response to protect itself against sunburn is tanning. When skin is exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun, it triggers the production of melanin, the pigment responsible for skin color. This process is a protective mechanism, as increased melanin levels in the skin help to absorb and dissipate UV radiation, thereby reducing the risk of cellular damage and sunburn. In essence, tanning represents the skin's adaptation to UV exposure in an attempt to shield itself from harmful effects.

While burning is a result of excessive exposure to UV radiation, it is not a protective response; rather, it indicates that the skin has been overwhelmed by the intensity or duration of that exposure. Peeling occurs after a burn as the body sheds damaged skin, which is a secondary response and not a preventive measure. Darkening may suggest a general deepening of skin tone but does not specifically describe the active process of tanning initiated to protect against sunburn.