What happens to melanin during the tanning process?

During the tanning process, melanin plays a crucial role in protecting the skin from the harmful effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation. As the skin is exposed to UV light, the melanocytes (the cells responsible for producing melanin) increase melanin production. This melanin does not disappear; rather, it accumulates and surrounds the keratinocytes, which are the primary cells found in the epidermis of the skin.

This accumulation of melanin acts as a natural sunscreen, helping to absorb UV rays and provide some degree of protection to the deeper layers of the skin. The presence of melanin in the upper layers of the skin leads to a darker appearance, which is seen as a tan. This process is a key component of how the skin adapts to sun exposure, highlighting the protective mechanism that melanin provides.

The other options do not accurately describe what happens to melanin during tanning. Melanin does not disappear; instead, it increases. It is not exclusive to fair-skinned individuals, as people of all skin tones can produce melanin in response to UV exposure. Melanin itself is not converted into keratin; rather, keratin is a separate protein that contributes to the skin's structure and protective function.