What does non-ionizing radiation typically do?

Non-ionizing radiation is a type of radiation that does not carry enough energy to ionize atoms or molecules, meaning it cannot remove tightly bound electrons. Instead, non-ionizing radiation typically interacts with matter by causing the atoms or molecules to vibrate, which can lead to an increase in temperature and the discharge of energy. This discharge of energy can be experienced in various forms, such as heat from infrared radiation or visible light stimulating certain reactions in the body.

In the context of tanning, non-ionizing radiation, such as ultraviolet (UV) light, can stimulate melanin production in the skin, leading to a tan without causing the damaging effects associated with ionizing radiation. Non-ionizing radiation's primary characteristic is to transfer energy rather than disrupt the chemical structure of materials.

The other options refer to processes that are associated with ionizing radiation. Ionizing radiation has sufficient energy to remove electrons from atoms, thus changing their chemical makeup or causing chemical reactions. Non-ionizing radiation does not possess this capability, which is why it is classified differently.